Chapter VI
Engineering

  Page
Material and Labor Required for 300 Yards of Wire Entanglement   1
Camouflage Paints   2
Daily Water Requirements   3
Thickness Required for Protection Against Single Shots by Direct-Fire Weapons   4-5
Thickness Required for Over-Head Protection Against Penetration plus Explosion   6
Thickness Required for Protection Against Penetration from Projectiles and Bombs Exploding Within 50 Feet   7
Time and Labor for Constructing Entrenchments   8
Steel Road and Landing Mats   9
Vehicle and Poster Capacities Steel Panel Fixed Bridge, Bailey Type   10
Proportions, Batch Quantities, and Unit Quantities for Concrete Mixes   11-13
Functions of Numbers   14-15
Fiber Ropes, Wire Ropes, Etc.   16
Safe Load of Hooks   17
Properties of Chains   18
Weights of Common Materials   19
Contents of Lumber in Board Feet   20
Properties of Explosives   21
Equivalents of Measure   22-24


Material and Labor Required for 300 Yards of Wire Entanglement
Type of Entanglements Pickets Short 400-Yd. reels Concertinas Staples made of 1/2-in round drift pins Weight of material per linear yd. of entangle-
ment
Man-hours to erect 300-yd. of entangle-
ment
Extra long Long Medium
Double-apron 4- and 2-pace   91   182 12-13     10 54
Double-apron 6- and 3-pace   61   122 11-12     7 45
High-wire (less guy wires)   181     15-18     12 72
Low-wire 4- and 2-pace     91 182 9     7.5 45
Four-strand fence   91   2 31/2-4     4 18
Double-belt concertina (pyramidal)   92   4 2 90 270 14 36
Triple-belt concertina (pyramidal) 46 92   6 3 135 270 21 90
Triple-belt Dannert concertina   146   4 2 54   15 27
 

1. Lower number of reels applies when screw pickets are used; higher number when U-shiped pickets are used. Add difference between these two to the larger number when wooden pickets are to be used.

2. Average weight when any issue metal pickets are used.

3. With exception of triple-belt concertina, man-hours are based on use of screw pickets. When driven pickets are used, add 20 per cent to man-hours. With experienced troops, reduce man-hours by one-third. Increase man-hours by 50 per cent for night work.

 

--1--

Camouflage Paints

Name Form issued Mix Remarks1
Oleoresinous paint (emulsifiable)2 Paste Cloth: 1 part of paste to 3 of solvent.
Other surface: Equal parts paste and solvent. Water, gasoline, or mineral spirits are suitable solvents.
Coverage 400-600 sq. ft. per gal. on cloth, 450-750 sq. ft. per gal. on wood or painted metal.
Cold-water protein binder paint2 Powder paste 10 lb. powder to 1 gal. water. 2 parts paste to 1 part water This paint is stocked at present but its procurement is discontinued. Coverage on cloth 200-300 sq. ft. per gal.
Gasoline-soluble paint3 Powder 9 lb. powder to 1 gal. gasoline Coverage 500-600 sq. ft. per gal. on metal. Can be removed with gasoline.
Lusterless enamel4 Liquid Ready-mixed. May be thinned with mineral spirits. 500-600 sq. ft. per gal. on metal.
Bituminous emulsions (pigmented3 and nonpigmented)5 Viscous liquid 1 part paint to 1 to 2 parts water. Coverage on 2ood 300-350 sq. ft. per gala. 100 sq. ft. per gal. on earth. Surfaces coated with this paint cannot be repainted with any other type of paint.
Ready-mixed oil paint Liquid Ready-mixed. May be thinned with mineral spirits or gasoline. 400-475 sq. ft. per gal. on wood. 500-600 sq. ft. per gal. on metal.
Cut-back asphalt (rapid cure)5 Liquid Thin with gasoline. 100 sq. ft. per gal. on earth.

1. Coverage figures are based upon undiluted paints.

2. Available in the following standard colors:

3. Available in O.D. only.

4. Available in O.D. and black only.

5. Available in natural (black) only.

--2--

Daily Water Requirements

Unit consumer Conditions of use Gallons
per unit
per day
Remarks
Man In combat:
      Minimum
 
1/2
 
For periods not exceeding 3 days.
      Normal 1 Drinking and cooking only.
In bivouac 2 Minimum for all purposes.
Temporary camp 5 Desirable for all purposes at all times (does not include bathing).
Temporary camp with bathing facilities 15  
Semipermanent camp 30-60 Includes allowance for waterborne sewage system.
Permanent camp 60-100  
Horse, mule, or other large domestic animals Minimum 3-5 A horse can go for 48 hours without water.
Normal 10 Drinks from 3 to 5 gallons at a watering and requires 5 minutes to drink.
Motors (consumption per vehicle) Level and rolling country 1/6 to 1/2 Depends on size of vehicle.
Locomotives (consumption per locomotive) Mountainous country 1/4 to 1 Do.
Standard military Variable 150 gallons per train mile.
Commercial Variable 200 gallons per train mile.
Shower bath Semipermanent buildings (coonsumption per fixture) 300 Depends on number of using personnel and freuqency of use.
Water closet Do. 40 Do.
Lavatory, basin or sink Do. 20 Do.
Urinal Do. 49 Do.

--3--

Thickness Required for Protection Against Single Shots by Direct-Fire Weapons
Materials Small arms
and MG
(7.92) fire at
100 Yds.
AT Rifle
(7.92) fire
at
100 Yds.
20-mm
AT fire
at
200 Yds.
37-mm
AT fire
at
400 Yds.
50-mm
AT fire
at
400 Yds.
75-mm
direct
fire
500-1000
Yds.
88-mm
direct
fire
500-1000
Yds.
Remarks
Solid Walls1
      Brick Masonry (feet) 11/2 2 21/2 5        
      Concrete1 (do) 1 11/2 2 31/2 4 41/2 61/2 Ordinary concrete walls.
      Concrete (reinf.)2 (do) 1/2 1 11/2 3 31/2 4 5 Structurally reinforced.
      Stone masonry (do) 1 11/2 21/2 31/2 41/2 5    
      Wood (do) 2 3 4         These figures can be taken as guide only.
      Timber (do) 3 5          
Walls of Loose Materials Packed Between Boards1
      Brick rubble(feet) 1 2 21/2 5 6      
      Clay (dry) (do) 3 4           Add 50 percent if wet.
      Loam (dry) (do) 2 3 4         Add 50 percent if wet.
      Gravel, small stone (do) 1 2 21/2 5 6      
      Sand (dry) (do) 1 2 21/2 5 6     Add 50 percent if wet.
Sandbags Filled With:3
      Brick rubble (inches) 20 30 30 60 70      
      Clay (dry) (do) 40 60           Add 50 percent if wet.
      Loam (dry) (do) 30 50 60         Add 50 percent if wet.
      Gravel, small stone (do) 20 30 30 60 70      
      Sand (dry) (do) 20 30 30 60 70     Add 50 percent if wet.

--4--

Thickness Required for Protection Against Single Shots by Direct-Fire Weapons
(cont'd.)
Materials Small arms
and MG
(7.92) fire at
100 Yds.
AT Rifle
(7.92) fire
at
100 Yds.
20-mm
AT fire
at
200 Yds.
37-mm
AT fire
at
400 Yds.
50-mm
AT fire
at
400 Yds.
75-mm
direct
fire
500-1000
Yds.
88-mm
direct
fire
500-1000
Yds.
Remarks
Loose Parapets of:1
      Clay (feet) 31/2 5           Add 50 percent if wet.
      Laom (do) 3 4 5         Add 50 percent if wet.
      Sand (do) 2 3 4         Add 50 percent if wet.
     
    1. Thickness given to the nearest half foot.

    2. For 3,000 pounds per square in ch concrete.

    3. Thichness for walls made of sandbags given in multipoles of filled bag widths. (10 inches)

    4. One burst of five shots.

    NOTE:

      Protective thickness given is for a single shot only. Where direct-fire wseapons are able to get five or six hits in the same area, the required protective thickness is approximatley twice that indicated.

--5--

Required Thickness in Feet of Overhead Cover for Protection Against Penetration plus Explosion

Protective material High-explosive shell General-Purpose bombs
75-mm 105-mm 155-mm 100-lb. 250-lb. 500-lb.
Reinforced concrete (4,000 lb./sq. in.) 11/2 21/2 31/2 31/2 41/2 6
Stone masonry or plain concrete 2 31/2 5 6 8 91/2
Logs, 8-inch minimum diameter wired 3 5 7 7 9 12
Crushed stone 4 7 9 9 12 16
Tamped earth 8 14 18 18 24 32

--6--

Thickness of Materials Required to Protect Against Penetration of Fragments From Projectiles and Bombs Exploding at a Distance of 50 Feet.
Thicknesses listed in table will give protection at 25 feet except in rare cases.
Material Thickness
measured
in--
High-explosive shell General-purpose bombs
75-mm 105-mm 155-mm 100-
pound
250-
pound
500-
pound
1000-
pound
Solid walls Inches  
      Brick masonry " 8 13 17 8 10 13 17
      Concrete (plain) " 8 15 18 9 12 15 18
      Concrete (reinforced) " 7 12 15 7 9 12 15
      Timber " 12 20 24 12 15 20 26
Walls of loose material packed bewteen boards: Inches  
      Brick rubble " 15 24 30 16 20 24 30
      Gravel, small stones " 15 24 30 16 20 24 30
      Earth " 20 30 36 20 24 28 36
Sandbags will with:1 Inches  
      Brick rubble " 20 30 30 20 20 30 30
      Gravel, small stones " 20 30 30 20 20 30 30
      Sand " 20 30 30 20 30 40 40
Parapets of:2 Feet  
      Sand (dry) " 2 3 3 2 3 4 4
      Earth (dry) " 2 3 4 3 4 4 5
     
    1. Figurees given in multiples of width or thickness of sandbags.
    2. Figures given to nearest 1/2 foot.

     

--7--

Time and Labor for Constructing Entrenchments*
Type of Emplacement Excavation (cu.ft.) Numbmer of men working Approximate time (hours)
Shallow connecting Trench (10-yd Section) 150 6 1
Standard Trench, (10-yd. Sec. with one fire pos.) 515 6 61/2
Special Trench (2-yd. Sec.) 45 1 21/2
One-Man Foxhole 35 1 11/2
Two-Man Foxhole 60 2 21/2
Prone Shelter 21/2 1 1
* Standard tools, average soil

--8--

Steel Road and Landing Mats
a. Characteristics and comparison of steel landing mats.
Type Pierced
Plank
Heavy Bar
and rod
Irving
grid
Light Bar
and rod
Sommerfeld
Weight (lb. per sq. ft.) 5.11 3.90 5.56 1.90 1.16
Unit weight and dimensions:
      Length 10'0" 12'0" 12'6" 12'0" 75'0"
      Width 1'3" 3'0" 1'105/16" 3'0" 10'41/2"
      Depth 7/8" 1" 1" 3/4" 1/2"
      Area covered (sq. ft.) 12.5 36.0 23.24 36.0 778.12
      Weight (lb.) including accessories 63.86 140.4 129.24 68.4 935
Bundles:
      Number and type of units 30 planks* 14 panels 16 panels 30 panels 1 roll
      Weight (lb.) including accessories 1,928 1,966 2,076.6 2,052 935
Quantity for runway, 5,000 x 150:
      Number of units 60,000 20,833 32,269 20,833 964
      Total weight (tons) 1,928 1,465 2,084.9 712.5 440.34
      Cargo Space (cu. ft.) 32,084 81,222 75,092 59,084 36,111
Average laying speed (sq. ft. per man hr.) 125 65 65 125 175
Comparative camouflage potentialities 30%
open area
85%
open area
85%
open area
90%
open area
95%
open area
* Breaks down into six subbundles of five each. One subbundle contains two 5-foot half panels and 4 full panels.

--9--

Vehicle and Poster Capacities Steel Panel Fixed Bridge, Bailey Type
(tentative, subject to revision by further tests)

NOTE: This document was transcribed from a rather poor pdf file, not hard copy. The legend for this table makes almost no sense to me, so I have provided the original page image -- if you can make more sense of it than I have, more power to you! -- HyperWar

Vehicle Wt
Class
Tons
SS DS TS DD TD
Span of Bridge In Feet
60 50 30 120 110 100 80 60 50 40 140 130 120 110 90 80 70 160 150 140 130 110 100 90 180 170 160 150 130 120 110
Posted Capacity in Tons
28 35 45 16 20 23 33 50 60 70 18 22 25 30 41 48 60 21 25 30 35 45 53 61 19 23 29 35 49 57 65
Truck, 11/2-T, w/1 T tlr 6                                                              
Truck, 11/2-T, w/105mm How 6                                                              
Tractor d-4 w/dozer 7                                                              
Car armored light, M8 8                                                              
Truck 21/2-T w/1 T tlr 9                                                              
Truck 21/2-T w/105mm How 9                                                              
Car half-track M2 9                                                              
Other vehicles under 10-T                                                                
Grader med mtzd (Engr) 11                                                              
Truck 4-T wrecker 11                                                              
Tank light M2A4 12                                                              
Truck, 21/2-T w/155mm How carr M1 11                                                              
Crane trk-mtd (Engr) 12                                                              
Truck 4-T cargo (same as distributor water) 13                                                              
Truck 4-T ponton 13                                                              
Tank light M3 14                                                              
Trk tractor 4-5T w/semi-atlr fuel serv F-2(AC) 12                                                              
Tractor D-7 w/dozer 15                                                              
Truck wrecking C-1 (AC) 16                                                              
Tank light M5 16                                                              
Trk-tractor 5-6T w/semi-tlr ponton 14                                                              
Motor carriage M8 16                                                              





                                                       
H-10 Loading (ASSBO)                                                                
Truck 6-T cargo 18                                                              
Crane trk-mtd, w/crane attachments tlr 15                                                              
Truck 4-T w/155mm How carr M1 16                                                              
Tank light 18-T 18                                                              













                                       
Truck 6-T bridge 19                                                              



























           
Truck 21/2-T w/8 T tlr 17                                                              














                                     
Tank medium M2A1 21                                                              






                                                     
Truck 71/2-T cargo & prime mover 21                                                              
Tractor D-4 w/dozer 22                                                              
Truck 4-T cargo w/8 T tlr 20                                                              




























         
Truck 6-T w/3-in AA M2A2 22                                                              
Truck 6-T w/90mm AA M1 23                                                              
Motor carriage M7 24                                                              



























           
Trk-tractor 6-T w/semi-tlr wrecking C-2 E-16 loading 26                                                              



















                           
Motor carriage M12 27                                                              
Motor carriage M10 29                                                              






























     
Trk-tractor 71/2-T w/semi-tlr fuel serv F-1 (AC) 26                                                              






















                     
Truck 71/2-T w/155mm gun carr M2 & M3 28                                                              





























       
Trk-tractor 5-6T w/20-T semi-tlr 32                                                              
Truck 6-T w/16-T tlr 31                                                              





















                       
Tank medium M3 33                                                              









                                               
Tank medium M4 34                                                              






























     
H-20 loading